Oncology and Radiation Oncology

Oncology is the study and treatment of cancer, while Radiation Oncology is a specialized field within oncology that focuses on using radiation to treat cancer. Radiation oncologists are physicians who plan and administer radiation therapy, one of the primary cancer treatment modalities, alongside medical oncology (systemic treatments like chemotherapy) and surgical oncology.

Oncology:
• Definition:
Oncology, derived from the Greek word "onkos" meaning tumor or mass, is the medical specialty dedicated to cancer.
• Scope:
Oncology covers the entire spectrum of cancer care, from basic research into the causes and mechanisms of cancer development to the clinical management of patients with various cancer types.

Radiation Oncology:
• Specialized Focus:
Radiation oncology uses high-energy radiation (like X-rays, gamma rays, or electron beams) to target and destroy cancer cells.
• Treatment Planning and Delivery:
Radiation oncologists are responsible for developing individualized treatment plans, calculating radiation doses, and ensuring precise delivery of radiation to the tumor site.
• Minimizing Damage:
The goal is to maximize the destruction of cancer cells while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues.
• Combination Therapy:
Radiation therapy can be used alone or in combination with other cancer treatments like surgery or chemotherapy.